Many articles in international trade literature have shown that firm productivity is a robust determinant of firms’ export and import activities. Further, the literature…
Asia and the Pacific
28 Feb 2022
SMEs are the most important source of employment in all ASEAN countries, but a lack of access to external sources of finance may limit their expansion and growth. In…
Asia and the Pacific
28 Feb 2022
Local content requirements (LCRs) are one of several economic instruments used by governments to protect infant domestic industries or to generate employment. Indonesia…
Asia and the Pacific
15 Feb 2022
As tariffs have declined to a low level, the trade literature has paid increasing attention to the impact of non-tariff measures. Unlike tariffs, non-tariff measures could…
Asia and the Pacific
15 Feb 2022